Architects
of baseline friendly spaces rings typically start the design process by
assuming the need for acceleration equal to the standard terran gravity
of ~10m/s^2 or 1g and follow up with the question of how big they can
make the space ring with the materials available. For your
common
Bishop
ring,
made of diamondoid and buckyfibre cable, this will result in a
megastructure up to 2,000km across. Other designers may assume
additional requirements like the need for a rotation period of one day,
as in a
Banks
orbital,
or desire to build a circumstellar megastructure, as in a
ringworld.
However for these structures a builder would need either godtech
materials or unobtanium.
Architects of ribbon worlds don't assume the requirement for 1g,
instead ey ask 'what is the minimum acceleration the inhabitants will
feel comfortable with?' In the long history of the
Terragen
Sphere the negative effects of
0g living/working have largely become a thing of the past. Gene hacks
for this problem are numerous, common and easy to install and many
clades are even geneered for living full time in micro-gravity
environments. Other problems of using low gravity on a space ring have
solutions in technology, for example, the retention of a biosphere can
be had through use of a
worldroof
or
airwall.
Some level of artificial gravity is often favored over full 0g because
a downward acceleration (even a slight one) is a benefit in settling
out debris from the air, gives plant life a needed geotropic sense and
also makes the hydro-cycle in a large biosphere more predictable.
However with the reduced acceleration levels of a ribbon world a vastly
larger radius is possible even if made of just diamondoid and
buckyfibre cable, 100,000 - 200,000km diameter ribbon worlds are not
uncommon and quite a few are larger still. Additionally ribbon worlds
can have a slower rotation and many ribbon worlds resemble Banks'
orbitals in that they have day long rotational periods and a tilt such
that one half of the inside surface is illuminated by the star they
orbit.
Ribbon worlds have been built encircling other bodies such as planets.
In this case they may rotate slightly faster than the orbital speed for
their radius to create the desired micro-gravity accelerations or the
ribbon world may be placed on top of a dynamic orbital ring, with
gravity coming from the planet below and their biospheres on their
outsides. In the later example multiple ribbon worlds may be built up
over time to enclose the planet in a
supramundane
shell.
Ribbon worlds have also been built as part of a beanstalk system. A
planet with two or more beanstalks can have a ribbon world encircling
it that acts as the beanstalks' counter-weight. One example of this is
the ribbon world surrounding Solaris depicted in the image above. Such
a system may have multiple ribbon worlds, each one at a different
height along the beanstalks. A ribbon world may even be built large
enough to encircle a star, in fact the belt component of
Maximum
Air
is a ribbon world. But without the integration of other supporting
components, as are found in Maximum Air, any circumstellar ribbon world
would be a zero gee, or microgravity, environment. Such microgravity
ribbon worlds are a special case and to gain full use of their surface
area they are fully enclosed in the worldroof, airwall or other that
retains their biosphere. The most expansive system ever used for
retaining the biosphere of a circumstellar ribbon world is
a
niven
cloud (also known as a smoke
ring).
When a ribbon world is combined with a niven cloud it does not rotate
within the gas torus to produce artificial gravity, it only orbits
within the core. Furthermore such a ribbon world is only 500km wide and
less than 5m thick so it generates no local gravity effects through its
mass. It is little more than a mat of loosely woven fibres on a belt of
bucky cable and acts as a holdfast for the roots of trees and other
plant life. These fibres are hydrophilic and collect water from the
surrounding air which the plants use. Living in the water are the
bacteria and other micro-organisms needed to recycle debris and
condition
the atmosphere. With a multitude of tiny light sails (from the foglets
of the niven cloud) redirecting sunlight in towards the core from all
sides the ribbon world can be oriented to the sun in any way. It may be
'flat on' or 'edge on' and have kinks, loops, meanders or twists in it
but both sides will still receive the needed light for the growth of a
rich biosphere.