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Scoopships

Atmospheric Resource Collection

Scoopship Hefring
A scoopship collects resources from the atmosphere of Hefring
The atmospheres of planetary objects can be harvested from space to provide a range of useful gases, which can be used to provide atmospheres for space habitats, propellant and fuel, and even used as construction material. Gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapour, hydrogen and helium are much in demand and are often collected using various kinds of atmospheric scoop system.

Other gases which are often collected include methane, ammonia, argon, neon and sulphide compounds; some planets with very hot atmospheres can also yield silicates and metal vapours.

Solar Powered Scoopships

Scoopship
Image from Steve Bowers
A solar-powered scoopship collecting gases from a planetary atmosphere
One widespread method of collection atmospheric gases is with solar-powered craft. As the scoop collects gas molecules at the top of the planet's atmosphere, the scoopship will lose momentum because of drag. In order to maintain a constant altitude, the solar power collectors must collect enough energy to compensate for this momentum loss. Using a fraction of the collected gas in propulsion systems with high exhaust velocity allows the scoopship to collect a net quantity of atmosphere, which is then compressed and carried into orbit at intervals for collection.

Tethered Scoopships

Orbital ring scoop array
Image from Steve Bowers
Atmospheric scoop funnels suspended from a pair of orbital rings collect gases from a Gaian world
Many scoopship designs separate the power collection arrays from the scoop funnel by placing the scoop at the end of a long tether. If the planet has a suitable magnetic field, the tether itself can be energised to produce electrodynamic thrust, allowing the collection of resources without the use of propellant.

Most effective of all are scoop funnels deployed from orbital ring systems; these trawler-like scoops can collect resources continuously and export the compressed gases using mass-drivers.

Fusion and Conversion Drive Scoopships

Scoopships
Image from Steve Bowers
Fusion-powered scoopships collect carbon dioxide and nitrogen from the atmosphere of Venus; the carbon can be used for construction, while the other gases are exported to habitats across the system
Scoopships which have sufficiently powerful drive systems, such as fusion torchships and conversion drive ships, can collect atmospheric resources by converting part of the atmosphere's mass into energy. Fusion-powered scoopships can burn hydrogen and/or helium isotopes for power, while conversion drive craft use monopole-catalysed baryonic decay to produce even greater thrust.

Related concepts

The gases extracted from gas giant atmospheres are often refined in situ using large floating refineries supported by hot-hydrogen balloons, The resulting products, such as deuterium, He3 and other commercially valuable resources, are collected and lifted to orbit by rocket shuttle, often automated and powered by fusion. Before the development of conversion drive, mining balloonships were commonplace; fusion mining is still practised in locations where ultratech is distrusted by the locals.

Star Mining uses many of the same techniques as planetary atmospheric mining, although in an environment that is considerably more energetic and demanding. However star miners use magnetic ramscoops instead of collecting resources using funnels made of solid matter. Starmining technology can be used to collect resources from very hot planetary atmospheres, and from the comet-like tails emitted from evaporating worlds.

Ramscoops and ram-assisted rockets use extremely large magnetic scoop systems to collect interplanetary and interstellar material for use as propellant and/or fuel during flight.
 
Related Articles
  • Atmosphere - Text by M. Alan Kazlev
    The gaseous envelope surrounding a planetary object, moon or star, (or possibly the habitable surfaces of an artificial structure. A typical atmosphere consists of a mixture of gases. Some of the most common are hydrogen, helium, methane, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, water vapour, and ammonia. Often an atmosphere is divided into zones of similar pressure, temperature, and composition.
  • Conversion Drive
  • Mining
  • Ramscoop and RAIR ships
  • SunMiner
  • Torch Drives
 
Appears in Topics
InfrastructureShipsSurface-To-Orbit Transport
 
Development Notes
Text by Steve Bowers
Initially published on 06 September 2019.

 
Additional Information

Atmospheric Mining links

http://toughsf.blogspot.com/2017/09/low-earth-orbit-atmospheric-scoops.html
Mining Atmospheres
https://www.centauri-dreams.org/2011/06/01/starship-fuel-from-the-outer-system/
A review of research in low earth orbit propellant collection
 
 
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